# Create patch from last commit
git format-patch -1 HEAD

# Create patch from last 3 commits
git format-patch -3 HEAD

# Create patch from specific commit
git format-patch commit-hash -1

# Create patch from unstaged changes
git diff > changes.patch

# Create patch from staged changes
git diff --staged > staged.patch

# Create patch between branches
git diff main..feature-branch > feature.patch

# Apply patch file
git apply changes.patch

# Check if patch can be applied
git apply --check changes.patch

# Apply with statistics
git apply --stat changes.patch

# Apply patch with commit message
git am 0001-feature-patch.patch

# Apply multiple patches
git am *.patch

# Create patch for contribution
git format-patch -1 HEAD --stdout > my-contribution.patch

# Send patch file to maintainer

# Create patch for review
git format-patch main..feature-branch

# Reviewer applies patches to test
git am *.patch

# Create patches for offline sharing
git format-patch -o patches/ HEAD~5..HEAD

# Share patches via email/file transfer

# Include cover letter
git format-patch --cover-letter -3 HEAD

# Custom output directory
git format-patch -o patches/ -1 HEAD

# Add signature
git format-patch --signature="Your Name" -1 HEAD

# Apply but don't commit
git apply --index patch.patch

# Reverse apply (undo)
git apply --reverse patch.patch

# Apply with 3-way merge
git am --3way patch.patch